Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Role of ECE in Remote Sensing and GIS: Insights from Six Geospatial Projects, October, 2026, pg , 45-53

Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as essential technologies for Earth observation and spatial analysis, enabling efficient monitoring of environmental, agricultural, and urban dynamics. This paper presents a comprehensive study based on six geospatial projects (P1–P6): water body mapping of Kushinagar using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), vegetation health assessment of Khadda Block using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), land use land cover (LULC) classification of the Golghar area, Gorakhpur using the Random Forest algorithm, urban expansion analysis of Firozabad and Noida using the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), forest cover change analysis of the Aravali Hills using NDVI differencing, and flood-prone zone mapping of Kosi Basin using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and rainfall thresholds. The study systematically characterizes the critical role of Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) in remote sensing, encompassing sensor design, digital signal processing, satellite communication, and large-scale geospatial data analytics. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques in addressing real-world challenges in environmental monitoring, urban planning, and disaster management. Emerging advancements in artificial intelligence, CubeSat technologies, hyperspectral imaging, and high-speed 5G non-terrestrial network communication are expected to significantly enhance accuracy, scalability, and real-time capabilities of future remote sensing systems.